Groundwater

Groundwater resources in the Saskatoon area have been mapped at a regional scale by the Water Security Agency and include both shallow and deep aquifers. Significant groundwater resources, listed from deepest to shallowest, include the Tyner Valley Aquifer, Forestry Farm/Dalmeny Aquifers, and surficial aquifers. Groundwater from these aquifers is currently used for domestic, municipal and other purposes.

Shallow aquifers tend to provide the freshest water and are most targeted for groundwater use. These aquifiers are also the most vulnerable to contamination from surface sources and fluctuations in water availability linked to climate and water use. Deeper aquifers have more water availability, but the water tends to be mineralized and it is costly to drill and install deep wells.

Untreated groundwater from private wells is not always safe for drinking water purposes. Testing is required to guarantee its safety and treatment is sometimes also needed to meet federal-provincial drinking water quality objectives. The City provides treated and safe drinking water from the South Saskatchewan River and is not responsible for ensuring that groundwater from private wells is tested nor treated.

Groundwater can sometimes be used for irrigation without treatment, however minerals dissolved in groundwater tend to accumulate in irrigation equipment over time may necessitate frequent maintenance or replacement. Irrigation with groundwater can also negatively impact soil quality and plant health.

In addition, bacteria from sanitary sewer line leaks, nitrates from lawn fertilizers or agricultural sources, and chemicals from spills are all contamination risks to groundwater. The number of potential contaminant sources are greater in Saskatoon when compared to rural areas due to the higher population density and more variable land use within city limits. Contaminants can reach aquifers either by infiltrating through soil and migrating through groundwater or by entering poorly maintained or abandoned groundwater wells.

While the City does not expect there are many residents using domestic wells on properties where City water service is available, the number of active wells in use is currently unknown. The installation and operation of private groundwater wells for domestic purposes is prohibited as per Bylaw 7567 the Waterworks Bylaw, updated in November 2022. 

The Water Security Agency currently regulates groundwater used for non-domestic purposes in Saskatchewan. These purposes include: municipal, irrigation, industrial, and other uses. The agency also monitors groundwater levels, allocations, and use from aquifers in the southern half of the province, thereby administering and managing groundwater resources at a regional scale. 

Groundwater is an important natural resource that requires protection to ensure its viability is sustained for present and future users. Groundwater is not restricted by property, municipal, city or provincial boundaries. As a rural province, there are large numbers of properties and municipalities that utilize groundwater as a drinking and irrigation supply.  

In 2021, Saskatoon City Council approved proposals to create a bylaw prohibiting new domestic-purpose pumping wells within city limits and create a new development standard for monitoring wells installed, maintained, and decommissioned during the land development process.

How to help protect groundwater:

All water that enters the storm sewer system goes directly into the South Saskatchewan River. For this reason the City has specific bylaws to protect the river, for example the prohibition of draining hot tubs and pools to the storm sewer without treatment.

Be mindful of what you put on your lawn and garden. Over fertilization can contaminate both surface water and groundwater.  

If you have a groundwater well on your property, ensure that it is maintained and decommissioned when no longer required. Please see the "Decommissioning groundwater wells" menu below for more information. 

A monitoring well is typically one to two inches in diameter and is used for measuring, testing, or sampling groundwater. These wells are regularly installed for environmental and geotechnical data collection throughout the city to understand ground and groundwater conditions, typically to aid development or construction projects. The City has identified that monitoring wells can be installed years, if not decades, ahead of development and may not be maintained or decommissioned appropriately resulting in potentially conduits for surface contamination to enter groundwater. A Monitoring Well Standard has been created and compliance is required for:

• Wells installed by or on behalf of the City or a third party on city Right of Way (ROW) or land
• Wells installed by or on behalf of a third party on city Right of Way (ROW) or land (see License and Encroachment agreement process below for further information)
• Wells installed on private land as part of the Land Development Process

A completed License and Encroachment agreement is required to be submitted to geo@saskatoon.ca a minimum of five business days prior to drilling, to obtain permission to install borehole and/or monitoring wells in the City Right of Way (ROW) or on City land.

If traffic will be impacted in any way for the installation of the boreholes and/or monitoring wells then a ROW permit will be required.

It is important to decommission abandoned or unused groundwater wells you may have or find on your property. If not decommissioned appropriately, the wells can become safety hazards to you and your family at the surface and also be a pathway of contamination to impact the groundwater below. Contaminated groundwater is very costly to remediate and it is the responsibility of the property owner, who would be deemed to be the contamination source, to remediate. 

The Water Security Agency, the provincial regulator for surface water and groundwater, provides information on why and how to decommission a well.